{"id":633,"date":"2013-08-20T10:30:25","date_gmt":"2013-08-20T15:30:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/?p=633"},"modified":"2013-08-29T15:11:53","modified_gmt":"2013-08-29T20:11:53","slug":"higher-education-on-a-flatter-earth","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/2013\/08\/20\/higher-education-on-a-flatter-earth\/","title":{"rendered":"Higher Education on a Flatter Earth"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>We&#8217;re collaborating on some educational work and came across this sentence in a textbook on finance and accounting:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>All of these are potentially good economic decisions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>We use statistical NLP but assist with the ambiguities.\u00a0 In doing this, we relate questions and answers and explanations to the text.<\/p>\n<p>We also extract the terminology and produce a rich lexicalized ontology of the subject matter for pedagogical uses, assessment, and adaptive learning.<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s one that just struck me as interesting.\u00a0 This is a case where the choice looks like it won&#8217;t matter much either way, but &#8230;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/all-of-these-are-potentially-good-decisions.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-634\" title=\"all of these are potentially good decisions\" src=\"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/all-of-these-are-potentially-good-decisions.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"468\" height=\"134\" srcset=\"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/all-of-these-are-potentially-good-decisions.png 468w, http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/all-of-these-are-potentially-good-decisions-300x85.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 468px) 100vw, 468px\" \/><\/a><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>The logic that results from the different parses in even such a simple case can be significantly different, however.<\/p>\n<p>The difference here is whether the point is that they are potentially decisions versus potentially good!<\/p>\n<p>Even when you do the right thing and clarify for the machine that the semantics of potential is with regard to good, there are different logical implications.<\/p>\n<p>In this case, the right logic comes from another interpretation with the same syntactic structure as parse #1 above:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/all-of-these-are-potentially-good-decisions-logic-with-demonstrative.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-639\" title=\"all of these are potentially good decisions logic with demonstrative\" src=\"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/all-of-these-are-potentially-good-decisions-logic-with-demonstrative.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"760\" height=\"379\" srcset=\"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/all-of-these-are-potentially-good-decisions-logic-with-demonstrative.png 760w, http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/all-of-these-are-potentially-good-decisions-logic-with-demonstrative-300x149.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 706px) 89vw, (max-width: 767px) 82vw, 740px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The outer universal is a little tricky.\u00a0 It has to be interpreted within a scope, as is typical for demonstrative pronouns, such as &#8220;these&#8221;.\u00a0 In effect, this is provided by a quantifier in the formula for the prior sentence.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We&#8217;re collaborating on some educational work and came across this sentence in a textbook on finance and accounting: All of these are potentially good economic decisions. We use statistical NLP but assist with the ambiguities.\u00a0 In doing this, we relate questions and answers and explanations to the text. We also extract the terminology and produce &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/2013\/08\/20\/higher-education-on-a-flatter-earth\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Higher Education on a Flatter Earth&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[535,10,16,17],"tags":[550,536,580,581,191,214,888],"class_list":["post-633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-educational-technology","category-formal-logic","category-natural-language","category-ontology","tag-disambiguation","tag-e-learning","tag-education","tag-lexical-semantics","tag-logic","tag-nlp","tag-ontology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/633","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=633"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/633\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":640,"href":"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/633\/revisions\/640"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=633"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=633"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}