![\"\"](\"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/improperly-disambiguated-sentence-having-modified-conjunctive-formula.png\" "\\"improperly")
<\/a><\/p>\nNotice the following:<\/p>\n
- \n
- conflation is set to \u201call\u201d in the right most drop-down list on the toolbar<\/li>\n
- rendering of elided arguments is suppressed since the \u201c\u2026\u201d item on the toolbar is not toggled on<\/li>\n
- the pronoun \u201cthem\u201d is specified as referencing \u201cmammals\u201d rather than \u201ctheir young\u201d<\/li>\n
- \u201cto maturity\u201d complements the conjunction of nurse and nurture\n
- \n
- which is fine if that is the intent, but we assume it should complement only \u201cnurture\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- the existential symbol before a unary predicate for \u201cmaturity\u201d\n
- \n
- where a binary predicate for maturity having an \u201cof\u201d argument may be desirable<\/li>\n
- where that second argument would be specified as referencing \u201ctheir young\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- two rendering problems given that all conflation is enabled and ellipsis is not to be rendered\n
- \n
- \n
- \n
- i.e., they should be treated as elided given they are not referenced<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
- \n
- the variable ?e2 should occur a 2nd<\/sup> time (in the \u201cand\u201d literal)\n
- \n
- otherwise the head complemented by the \u201cto\u201d literal is unspecified<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
- \n
- the existential quantifications of variables ?e9 and ?e21 should be suppressed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
The rendering problems were reported to Automata and addressed as reflected in the concluding screen capture of this document.<\/p>\n
To correct what \u201cto maturity\u201d complements, we either disambiguate again (using the appropriate tool item, all of which have tool-tips) or we re-parse the sentence, which results in the following dialog:<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/automatic-parse-of-modified-conjunctive-formula-for-approval.png\" "\\"automatic")
<\/a><\/p>\nAs this is the desired syntactic structure, we approve the dialog and continue disambiguation.<\/p>\n
The following clauses are automatically selected as a result of our syntactic approval:<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/semantic-clauses-resulting-from-approval-of-automatic-parse-of-modified-conjunctive-formulas.png\" "\\"semantic")
<\/a><\/p>\nThere being no further semantic disambiguation to be performed we can change to \u201cdetailed\u201d clauses using the appropriate drop-down list on the toolbar or we can proceed to the derivations tab.<\/p>\n
The derivations tab will show us what appears to be equivalent semantics.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/apparently-equivalent-under-specified-semantics-of-two-parses.png\" "\\"apparently")
<\/a><\/p>\nThe detailed clauses allow us to discriminate between these 2 derivations by selecting that \u201ctheir\u201d is a plural reference:[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/detailed-clauses-discriminating-among-otherwise-equivalent-under-specified-semantics.png\" "\\"detailed")
<\/a><\/p>\nAfter which a single derivation survives, as shown below:<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/under-specified-semantics-after-discriminating-among-detailed-clauses.png\" "\\"under-specified")
<\/a><\/p>\nThe most obvious next steps are to resolve the pronouns, as in:<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/under-specified-semantics-after-resolving-2-pronomial-references.png\" "\\"under-specified")
<\/a><\/p>\nThe next most obvious step is to specify \u201cmammals\u201d as having the outermost scope and being universally quantified.\u00a0 This is done by selecting \u201coutermost\u201d from the drop-down list when clicking on the \u201cwithin\u201d column in the row for the quantification of \u201cMammals.\u201d and selecting the universal quantifier from the drop-down list when clicking on the logic column of the same row.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/under-specified-semantics-after-specifying-outermost-universal-quantification.png\" "\\"under-specified")
<\/a><\/p>\nIt is probably the case that we want universal quantification over the young rather to assert that for every mammal there exists some young that it nurses and nurtures.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/under-specified-semantics-after-specifying-2nd-universal-quantification.png\" "\\"under-specified")
<\/a><\/p>\nThe existential quantification of the situational variables are implicit in the nurse and nurture literals, respectively, but are not rendered for brevity (since they are not co-referenced).<\/p>\n
We can select either of the first 2 readings as desirable (the order of the adjacent existential quantifiers has no logical effect) since each existential should be within the scope of both universals.<\/p>\n
After Automata addressed the rendering issue, the result is as follows:<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/semantics-after-selecting-desired-logical-reading.png\" "\\"semantics")
<\/a><\/p>\n
[1]<\/sup><\/a> the singular sense of \u201ctheir\u201d can be eliminated from the lexicon entirely if more formal but less robust grammar is expected<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Consider the following disambiguation result from a user of Automata\u2019s Linguist™.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,16],"tags":[700,701,527,703,513,699,702],"class_list":["post-812","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-formal-logic","category-natural-language","tag-co-reference-resolution","tag-discriminatory-disambiguation","tag-linguist","tag-logical-scope","tag-natural-language-understanding","tag-quantification","tag-syntactic-ambiguity"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/812","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=812"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/812\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1528,"href":"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/812\/revisions\/1528"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=812"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=812"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/haleyai.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=812"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
- the existential quantifications of variables ?e9 and ?e21 should be suppressed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
- otherwise the head complemented by the \u201cto\u201d literal is unspecified<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
- the variable ?e2 should occur a 2nd<\/sup> time (in the \u201cand\u201d literal)\n
- i.e., they should be treated as elided given they are not referenced<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
- \n